1. Start with the investment objective
“Investing in real estate” is not an objective: it is a category. An investor seeking monthly cash flow needs a different property from someone preserving capital, from someone who plans to use the property in a few years, or from someone pursuing a value-add project.
Defining the objective also defines the time horizon and tolerance for illiquidity, two variables that determine which properties should be ruled out from the start.
2. Separate price from the value proposition
A low price does not equal a good investment, and a high price does not disqualify a property. What matters is what you receive for that price: location, condition, permitted use, associated costs and future ease of marketing.
When a property is notably below comparables, it is worth understanding why before assuming it is an opportunity.
3. Analyze location and demand drivers
Demand for a property depends on who needs it and why: nearby employment, universities, healthcare, mobility, retail, family environment or tourist appeal where that use is legally permitted. Without identifiable drivers, demand is an assumption.
For city context, the Medellín Real Estate Observatory is an official reference for analyzing local real estate dynamics, and DANE publishes official sector indicators, among them the IPVN, which refers to sale prices of new housing under construction.
4. Estimate all ownership and operating costs
This is where most optimistic projections fall apart. The calculation must include what is foreseeable and recurring, not just what is obvious. Applicable values depend on the case and must be confirmed against current official information.
- Taxes and levies applicable to the property.
- Condominium or subdivision administration fees.
- Periodic maintenance and replacement of components with limited service life.
- Applicable insurance.
- Rental management costs, if contemplated.
- Future marketing costs at the time of sale.
5. Consider vacancy and occupancy uncertainty
If the plan contemplates renting, permanent occupancy is not a fact: it is an assumption. Between tenants there are search periods, refurbishments and months without income. An honest analysis acknowledges that uncertainty instead of removing it from the model.
Any short-term or tourist rental use must be verified beforehand against the condominium bylaws and the applicable regulations, because it is not permitted in every property.
6. Assess liquidity and exit strategy
Real-estate investment is illiquid by nature. Before buying, identify who the natural buyer would be at exit and how large that universe is. Highly specific properties usually require longer marketing periods.
7. Inspect the physical condition rigorously
Hidden costs are usually physical: damp, roofing, plumbing and electrical systems, structure, joinery and, in country properties, drainage and ground stability. A technical inspection is a small investment relative to the risk it reduces.
8. Verify documentation and permitted use
An investment with a non-permitted use is not an investment: it is a risk. Document and use verification must be carried out by a qualified professional, and registration procedures are consulted through the official source, the Superintendency of Notaries and Registry.
- Ownership, chain of title and registered entries.
- Permitted use for the intended use and applicable authorizations.
- Correspondence between what is built, approved and documented.
- Outstanding obligations and bylaw restrictions.
9. Stress-test assumptions instead of accepting projections
When someone presents a projected return, the useful question is not how much it promises but what it assumes. Changing two or three assumptions usually reveals whether the analysis is robust or depends on everything going right.
- What happens if the property stays vacant for several months a year?
- What happens if recurring costs are higher than estimated?
- What happens if a future sale takes twice as long as expected?
- What happens if the exit price equals the purchase price?
- Is the result still acceptable for the defined objective?
10. Decision matrix
Before making an offer, score each property with the same variables and compare results. A simple matrix keeps the decision from depending on the most recent visit.
- Fit with the investment objective and time horizon.
- Estimated full costs and their sensitivity.
- Identifiable demand drivers.
- Expected liquidity and natural exit buyer.
- Physical condition and foreseeable works.
- Verified documentary status and permitted use.
- Outcome under the adverse scenario.
We do not promise returns
C&J Real Estate does not offer guarantees of return, appreciation, occupancy or resale timing. We support the analysis with verifiable information and make the assumptions explicit, so the decision is informed and belongs to the investor.